The language
Today's linguistic science counts the Georgian language as a group of Caucasian languages, within which it forms again a southern subgroup, which is also referred to as the Cartesian language group. It consists of the actual Georgian, the Svanian and Megreli-Lasian. Whereas the Georgian language has been documented since the fifth century as a linguistic language which meets all Georgian tribes, Svanian, Megrelian, and Lasian remained as vernacular. In addition, there are two other dialects in the historical territories of Georgia: Ingilo in Azerbaijan, Imerkhevi in Turkey and Fereidan in Iran.
Linguistic history distinguishes between Old and New Georgian, as a literary language. Although Georgian was under the particularly difficult conditions of a repressive cultural policy of Tsarist Russia, besides this, a rich and diverse literature was created in the 19th century.

The Scripture
According to ancient Georgian traditions, the Georgian alphabet was invented before the 5th century BC and improved by the King of Iberia (Kartli) in 284 BC. It was King Parnavas, who "extended the Georgian language and had no language in Kartli except Georgian." But this report lacks of scientific proof.
The Georgian script had experienced three phases of development. There are three alphabet variants, of which two older ones differ significantly from the later one:
1. The Asomtavruli ("Major"), from the 5th to the 9th century,
2. Ecclesiastical Manuscripts (nuskhakhutsuri) from the 9th to the 11th century.
3. Today's print Mkhedruli (mkhedruli ""), is currently used for Georgian literature and civil sphere.
Recently, all three Georgian writings were included on UNESCO's World Heritage List.